Rhianna Goolsby Essays (502 words) - Biology, Food And Drink

Rhianna Goolsby Cassandra August Sustainable Food and Nutrition 11/18/16 GMOs GMOs are genetically modified organisms meaning food's material that has been altered by genetic engineering. GMOs were only introduced in 1996, and side effects of them have appeared quickly. Some of these side effects have been increased allergic reactions, antibiotic resistant bacteria and other unsafe hazards of food . Though some of the side effects seem small, the bigger picture here is that they become way bigger. More cases have developed about sickness from GMOs. People have even died due to consumption of GMOs . Genetically modified foods are associated with poisonous fertilizers, herbicides, insecticides, and been grown in agricultural plants instead of crop fields. Children have even been born with birth defects due to toxic chemicals. The chemicals in GMOs alone can cause infertility, stillbirths, miscarri ages and cancers . Research ers found that chemicals in GMOs caused health issues in chickens and frogs as well as issues in soy production. To be less subtle, researchers found that animals that have consumed chemicals within GMOs have had problems with their eyes and their cortex (center of the head), which eventually led to death of the animal. GMOs have been considered safe to human consumption without enough research done on how it can affect our bodies and the production of our offspring. Even though the genes being transferred occur naturally in other species, there are indefinite significances to fluctuating the natural state of an organism through distant gene appearance . Because of this, some significant problems can arise such as the change of the organism's metabolism , growth rate, and the response to external environmental factors. These things not only build from the GMO itself, but as well as the environment of the organism. Some of the health risks of humans include the likelihood of exposure to new allergens in genetically modified foods, as well as the tra nsfer of antibiotic-resistant genes to gut flora. Not only do herbicides and pesticides put humans at risk, but it would also cause ecological imbalances. This would cause previously plants to grow uncontrollably which would cause the spread of disease of plants and animals. The cross contamination of GMOs also causes long term global pollution. It is believed that pollution caused by GMOs will outlive global warming. This threatens the health of our future generations. This pollution also causes economic losses for farmers who cannot market their food because they cannot keep their crops pure. GMOs also harm the environment badly. They affect and harm other animals associated with food crops. They reduce biodiversity, pollute water, and are very unsustainable. GMOs do not help with food yields. In fact, there was a decline in food yields. Because of this, world hunger is not helped. The more people avoid genetically modified foods, the easier it will be to help get them out of our food supply. If people do not start realizing what they are doing for our own health, our environment, and our marketing economy, GMOs will never disappear.

Work of Art Titles

Work of Art Titles Work of Art Titles Work of Art Titles By Maeve Maddox When a freelance magazine writer asked me how the title of a sculpture should be written, I went to The Chicago Manual of Style to find out if it should be italicized, enclosed in quotation marks, or left plain. Here is the advice I found and passed on to the writer: Titles of paintings, drawings, photographs, statues, and other works of art are italicized, whether the titles are original, added by someone other than the artist, or translated. The names of works of antiquity (whose creators are often unknown) are usually set in roman. Though major works of art are generally italicized, some massive works of sculpture are regarded primarily as monuments and therefore not italicized. According to this advice, one should italicize Kindred Spirits (oil painting), Shore Lunch (non-monumental sculpture), and Rose and Driftwood (Ansel Adams photo), but leave the Venus de Milo (work of antiquity) and the Statue of Liberty (monumental) in roman type. After the fact, I checked to see what The AP Stylebook has to say about italicizing titles. The AP editors are against it: italics: AP does not italicize words in news stories. According to AP guidelines, the titles of just about everything are enclosed by quotation marks: book titles, computer game titles, movie titles, opera titles, play titles, poem titles, song titles, television program titles, and works of art. Exceptions are the Bible and books that are â€Å"primarily catalogs of reference material.† I decided to explore a few publications, American and British, to see how they do it. Two (both British) write the titles without italics or quotation marks. Four (all American) enclose the titles in quotation marks. Only one (also American) italicizes art titles, including works from antiquity. Here are seven of the examples I gathered: The Telegraph (British) I can hardly bear to look at a horrible little painting of a cloyingly sweet faced little girl entitled The Strawberry Girl, where the paint texture and layers of discoloured varnish were flattened during an early re-lining resulting in the ruin we see today The Independent (British) His giant sculptures, many of them human figures, include Yellow, a man ripping open his own chest and spilling out Lego innards (11,014 pieces make up the work), and a blue swimmer, as well as interpretations of masterpieces including the Mona Lisa The New York Times (American) The show includes works on loan as well as some of the gallerys recent acquisitions that have not been on view before, such as Frantisek Kupkas Organization of Graphic Motifs and Yves Tanguys The Look of Amber. The Sacramento Bee (American) Immediately you are struck by the rich and evocative figurative abstraction â€Å"Martyr With a Red Arm.† Boston Globe (American) Works like â€Å"Patina,† from 1975, and â€Å"Clavichord,† from 2002, feel like classic Ihara. The New Yorker (American) The sixth lot, â€Å"The Little White House,† a 1919 landscape by Willard Metcalf, sold for just over a million dollars. The Smithsonian Magazine (American) The  Venus de Milo  is the most famous sculpture and, after the  Mona Lisa, the most famous work of art in the world. Best advice: Consult the style guide of the publication for which the article is intended. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:7 English Grammar Rules You Should KnowDifference between "Pressing" and "Ironing"How often is "bimonthly"?

Theme For English B Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Theme For English B - Essay Example civil war in Sierra Leone, as witnessed through the eyes of a child soldier victim; introduction of the readers to the contextual and historical setting of the story is important because it facilitates interpretation of the unfolding narrative. This story presents the narrator in New York City in 1998, years after he fled the civil war in his country Sierra Leone; the conversation that occurs between the narrator and his friends at school reveals that the narrator has suffered the horror of having to witness things that he shouldn’t have at a tender age. The story also serves to build suspense and anxiety in the readers to carry on with the story, to unfold the mysteries alluded to in the passage; in other words, this piece of story raises numerous questions in the readers’ minds, which can only be answered by reading the full story. For instance, readers are curious to know that the war was about and the role of the narrator in the war; in that case, readers are anxiou s to read the entire story, to find out the exact events that transpired in Sierra Leone, forcing the narrator to run for his life finally arriving in New York City. The first page of chapter one further builds on the effect of this passage by providing details of the stories that were told by passersby about the war in other places away from the narrator’s home. The first page gives a snapshot of the entire story by alluding to the stories of the fleeing refugees, and their horrendous experiences in war torn zones; this page gives an overview of the events that are about to unfold in the next chapters, thereby arousing readers interest. Adults in families fleeing the war zones are described as having witnessed things that plagued their minds because they appeared disoriented and lost in their own thoughts during conversations. Their kids, on the other hand, were still to recover from the shock they had suffered in their homes, having to witness despicable things in the war torn zones; these

Sports Nutrition Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sports Nutrition Project - Essay Example For those performing intense training of 2 hours or more, the carbohydrate requirement is 3-4 grams per pound per day. According to sports nutrition experts, an average male performing exercise and strength training workouts of regularly must consume atleast 400-600 grams of carbohydrate per day to maintain high muscle glycogen stores (Quinn, 2011). 2. Take moderate protein intake: After vigorous exercise, athletes need protein to rebuild and repair the muscle tissue that is broken down during intense exercise. Since protein is the basic building material for muscle tissue, increased protein intake must be there to increase muscle size. The recommended protein intake for an athlete is 0.6-0.8 grams of protein per pound per day. Adequate protein intake can be gained by eating health diet that includes eggs, low fat dairy, lean meat like chicken and fish, fruits, legumes and nut. Some athletes prefer to increase their protein intake by taking protein bars and energy drinks. The protein intake must not exclude 1 gram per pound per day (Quinn, 2011). 3. Fat is also an essential nutrient, but the intake must be less than 30 percent of total daily calories. The intake must come from lean meats and fish, olive oil, seeds, nuts and avocados (Lambert et al, 2004). 4. Water intake must be adequate and fluids lost through exercise must be replaced. In order to make sure that fluid intake is adequate, 2 cups of water must be consumed 2 hours before exercise and 4-8 ounces must be taken every 15-20 minutes during workout sessions. After exercise, 16 ounces must be taken (Quinn, 2011). 5. It is important to consume some protein and carbohydrate after exercise to help muscle growth and replenishment of glycogen stores in the muscle. The optimum ratio of carbohydrate and protein is 4:1. It is important not to eat more protein than required because it can slow the replenishment of glycogen stores and also delays rehydration (Quinn, 2011). Recommendations to increase muscle bulk (Australian Institute of Sports, 2009): 1. Since muscles need good stimulation to grow, exercise training, especially aerobic exercises are essential for the muscles to grow. 2. A positive energy balance of 2000-4000 Kilojoules per day is necessary. Thus, the dietary intake must be increased. The first to focus on is the carbohydrate. Excess protein can get oxidized and get converted to saturated fat. Increased intake of fatty foods can result in increased gaining of fat mass rather than muscle mass. 3. Athletes must eat and drink frequently, rather than increasing the quantity consumed during each meal. Snacks containing high energy foods must be carried. Useful foods for snacking are fruit smoothies, milk shakes, liquid meal supplements, sports bars, cereal bars and favored dairy foods. 4. It is important for the athlete to be consistent and patient and aim at increasing body mass by 2-4 kg per month. Diet plan for 3 days Day-1 Quantity of food required to provide high carbohydra te and high protein needs for the athlete Amount of carbohydrate (g) Amount of protein (g) Breakfast 2 cups cereal 300 ml milk 2 slices toast 2 tablespoons jam 1 cup juice 39 16 30 36 19 6 12 8 0 2 Lunch 2 bread rolls each with 50 g chicken + salad 1 banana 1 fruit bun 250 ml flavoured low fat milk 78 20 34 17 41 2 6 13 Dinner Stir-fry with 2 cups pasta + 100 g meat + 1 cup vegetables 1 cup jelly + 1 cup custard 100 82 50 13 Snacks 750 ml sports drink 1 carton yoghurt 1 piece fruit 1

The Foils of Hamlet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Foils of Hamlet - Essay Example He has every reason to be mad, since the new King Claudius and now husband to Queen Gertrude happens to be his own brother. The new King Claudius has issues too: He has to contend with a potential war from Norway’s Prince Fortinbras and his nephew and new stepson is being a little bit of nuisance, mostly because he cannot get the fact over that his mother (Gertrude) could not wait even for the dust to settle before marrying the new King. Hamlet’s bud Horatio informs him about the ghost and thus arranges a meeting. The ghost spills it all; that it is his late father’s spirit, proving that it is Claudius who murdered his father by pouring poison in his ear while Hamlet Senior was sleeping in his garden and then orders his son to take revenge. The show is now on and Hamlet’s master plan involves acting like a madman or a clown and the next time we catch a glimpse of Prince Hamlet, his girlfriend, Ophelia claims that he has gone nuts. Polonius notifies the Kin g of this new development and they decide to spy on the youngsters to ascertain if indeed Ophelia is the source of Hamlet’s â€Å"craziness†. At the same time a reprieve comes from Danish ambassadors from Norway with the news that there isn’t going to be any war, after all. ... This is a plan of Hamlet to watch Claudius’s reaction to ascertain if really the ghost is telling the truth. Hamlet’s plan is rolling out very well and he delivers the big â€Å"to be or not to be† speech about suicide. Instead he gets all creepy and gross with Ophelia before watching Claudius get up and shout that he is guilty. Hamlet plots to murder him, but then he doesn’t, he instead ends up accidentally killing Polonius who is his girlfriend’s (Ophelia’s) dad. Claudius gets angry with Hamlet and sends him off to England in front of his mother. However on the way, Hamlet sees Prince Fortinbras of Norway marching across the land to reclaim some lost territories. This inspires him to head back to Denmark to murder his uncle Claudius. Back in Denmark and in the castle, Ophelia has cracked and her brother Laertes is meanwhile very bitter with Hamlet for killing their dad and the current state of his sister. So Claudius persuades him to stage a friendly duel and kill Hamlet by using a sharpened rather than a blunt sword, with of course some poison as backup. Before we realize it, Ophelia is dead, most probably by suicide which means that she doesn’t even get a decent send off. Big scene is created between Hamlet and Laertes when Hamlet randomly stumbles upon this burial and the Hamlet gets Horatio to hasten up on his return: on the boat to England, Hamlet however opened the letter that his companions Rosencrantz and Guildenstern were carrying and found the plot to have him killed. Obviously, Hamlet changed the letter to say â€Å"Please kill Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, thanks,† and escaped on a pirated ship back to his Kingdom. On the last scene, as Hamlet engage

What Is The Takwa Settlement History Essay

What Is The Takwa Settlement History Essay The  Takwa  settlement is situated on the south side of  Manda Island, in the  Lamu District  in the coastal province of  Kenya. They are the ruins of a  Muslim  town which was abandoned around the 18th century. The Takwa site can be easely reached from  Lamu  town. The ruins were first excavated by James Kirkman in 1951. In 1972 the site was cleared again under the supervision of James de Vere Allen, the Curator of the Lamu Museum. Takwa was never a large place. It was founded around year 1500, and probably abandoned around 1700. Kirkman thought that it was perhaps a place were holy men or religious people retreated. The Great Mosque at Takwa is relatively well preserved. The other structure remaining of importance is the Pillar Tomb, which has an inscription with the date of 1681-1682. It is reported that when Takwa was abandoned, its inhabitants settled just across the bay at  Shela  on  Lamu Island. Twice a year the people of Shela come to the Pillar Tomb in Takwa to pray for rain. (Martin, p. 27) The Takwa Ruins were designated a Kenyan National Monument in 1982. mu Archipelago From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Lamu Archipelago Map of  Kenya  showing the islands Lamu Island Lamu Town  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Shela Matondoni Kipangani Manda Island Manda Town à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¡ Takwa  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¡ Manda Airport Pate Island Faza à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚   Pate Town Rulers of Pate -  Bwana Mkuu -  Bwana Tamu -  Fumo Madi Siyu Kizingitini Shanga à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¡ Kiwayu Island à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚   Administrative Centre à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¡Ã‚  Archaeological  site à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Ã‚  World Heritage Site The  Lamu Archipelago  is located in the  Indian Ocean  close to the northern coast of  Kenya, to which it belongs. The islands lie between the towns of  Lame  and  Kiunga, close to the border with  Somalia, and is a part of  Lamu District. The largest of the islands are  Pate Island,  Manda Island  and  Lamu Island. Smaller islands include  Kiwayu, which lies in the  Kiunga Marine National Reserve, and  Manda Toto. Today the largest town in the archipelago is  Lamu Town, on  Lamu Island. The town is on the  World Heritage List. The archipelago contains several archaeological/historical sites of great significance, such as  Takwa  and  Manda Town  (both on  Manda Island) and  Shanga  (on  Pate Island). Some have been partially excavated in later years, shedding important new light on  Swahili  history and culture. The islands are reputed to be one of the westernmost ports of call of the great  Chinese  fleet of  Zheng He, or even to be the resting place of a wreck of one of his ships. No direct evidence has yet been discovered of his visit, although it is known that he visited  Mombasa, further down the Kenyan coast, in around 1415. [edit]References Allen, James de Vere:  Lamu, with an appendix on Archaeological finds from the region of Lamu by H. Neville Chittick.  Nairobi: Kenya National Museums. Lamu town is the oldest living Swahili town in Kenya, comparable to others such as Zanzibar in Tanzania. The town dates back to at least the 12th century. Since this time Lamu has flourished as a maritime trading centre whose main population, the Swahili, engaged in international trade, fishing and farming. The architecture of Lamu is uniquely Swahili, with its narrow streets, storied buildings, intricately carved wooden doors and numerous mosques. Lamu is also unique in that it is host to three museums and a Fort with an impressive exhibition space, namely:  Lamu Museum,  Lamu Fort  ,German Post Office Museum, and  Swahili House Museum. Lamu Museum can arrange guided tours to various archaeological and historical sites, whether to neighbouring Manda Island or further afield to Pate Island, where the ruins of the earliest known Swahili settlement of Shanga dated to the 8th century AD can be visited. Lamu Society The Lamu Society was formed in the early 1980s to offer a forum for ideas and projects that would encourage the conservation of the island communitys historic material culture. The Society has been instrumental in raising funds and assisting in the work required to document, preserve and restore aspects of earlier time periods and hence in the development of the  Lamu Museum. The Societys publications focus on the history and preservation of the islands cultural heritage, whilst its periodic newsletter informs members about events and ongoing aspects of interest. Religious Centre Since the 19th century Lamu has been regarded as an important religious centre in East Africa. Every year, thousands of pilgrims from the region flock to Lamu town for the famous  Maulidi,  or Milad-un-Nabi, celebrations that are held during the third month of the Muslim calendar to mark the birth of the Prophet Muhammed. The East AfricanMaulidi  is believed to have been started by Habib Swaleh Jamalely, a Comorian Arab who emigrated to Lamu and established himself as a scholar and doctor of traditional Arabic medicine. He was a pious man whose deeds are still emulated today, as exemplified by  Maulidi. The  Maulidi  celebrations are known to bring people from as far as the Comoros, Sudan and Democratic Republic of Congo. Lamu Heritage Attractions Lamu is a dominant cultural centre reputable for its historic past and traditional socio-cultural traditions. As such visitors to Lamu can enjoy a large and diverse collection of heritage and cultural attractions. At the district level, Lamu has the remains of many heritage sites. These range from towns, like Shanga, Patà © and Manda to hundreds of monuments, like Siyu Fort. Some of these sites, such as Manda, are easily accessible, while others are located in thick vegetation making access difficult. The development of access to these areas is currently being addressed by the sites management team. Lamu was listed as a World Heritage Site on the 14 December 2001. This landmark status came after 28 years of strict conservation of Lamu Old Town. As a national monument the town has many fascinating architectural characteristics, unrivalled by any other Swahili town along the East African littoral. The old town has approximately 532 houses. About 496 of these houses are privately owned, 23 are considered public and 13 are religious buildings mainly mosques. The town has survived the pressure of modern destruction and development by both government and private developers. The towns well-conserved architectural setting of narrow streets, divided by blocks of lined houses, has fascinated many visitors. Perhaps of most appeal are the stone walled houses in which flat roofs are supported by painted mangrove poles. The interior of a typical Lamu house is divided by two or three long galleries, with at least one or two self-contained rooms. The walls are covered with geometric plaster designs and wall niches. Lamu town has several buildings of importance including the Lamu Fort and  Yumbe  the former house of a Lamu Sultan. Aside from Lamus physical heritage the town has a rich living culture. For almost a century, each calendar year sees Lamu flooded with religious tourists from across the globe, here to attend the popular Maulidi Festival. About 20,000 religious tourists come to the town to attend this Festival, during the Islamic month of  Rabil awal. The climax of the Maulidi celebrations comes in the final week of this month. At this time various traditional Swahili dances from the neighbouring towns of Patà ©, Siyu, Ndau, Faza and Matondoni are hosted at the Riadha Mosque grounds to entertain the pilgrims. Taking advantage of the sombre week of  mfungo sita, (Rabil awal) Lamu Museum also arranges a series of cultural events, such as traditional dhow races,  bao  games, donkey races, henna painting and Islamic calligraphy competitions. Typically during the month of August, though occasionally occurring later in the year, Lamus second large festival is held. The  Lamu Cultural Festival  is organised by the Lamu Cultural Promotion Group. It is a three-day Swahili cultural festival that combines traditional dances, indoor and outdoor cultural activities and an exhibition of Lamus rich material culture. The Cultural Festival, like the Maulidi, also draws crowds as large as 20,000. Lamu Old Towns museums and fort are maintained and managed by the National Museums of Kenya. These are: the Lamu Museum, known for its exquisite Swahili ethnography exhibits; the Swahili House Museum, a restored 18th century house, reflecting the life of privileged Lamu Swahilis; the Lamu Fort, built in 1814 by Bwana Zeid Ngumi the last Sultan of Lamu; and the German Post Office Museum, showing the post office when it was operational in the late 19-20 th Century. Lamus material culture is best shown by its carved doors and traditional furniture which can be viewed all over the town. There are almost 18 woodcarving workshops in Lamu mainly producing Swahili doors, furniture and smaller artefacts, such as the miniature dhows that are popular with tourists. One of the busiest workshops in the town is the Skanda Woodcarving Workshop, this was opened about 50 years ago and is credited with having trained hundreds of woodcarvers who are now scattered all over Kenyas major towns. Visitors are welcome to view woodcarving classes at the workshops. There are also gift and curio shops scattered around the Old Town, selling quality local items. One of the reasons for Lamus inscription on the UNESCO heritage list is its unique social-cultural life, which has remained relatively unchanged for centuries. A traditionally conservative lifestyle is still maintained by many Lamu households. Lamus female Muslim population still predominately wear  bui buis,  and donkeys remain the major form of transport in the town. The ruins of Takwa are located on Manda Island, a 30 minute boat ride from Lamu town. Here one can witness the remains of a thriving 16th century Swahili trading post. Among the more notable features at Takwa is the unique Friday Mosque with a large pillar atop the qibla wall; while the significance of the pillar is not known with certainty, some believe it to symbolise the burial of a Sheikh below the wall. A days visit is quite a unique experience, and can be complimented by a picnic or overnight camping. Location   The ruins of Takwa are located on the southeastern corner of Manda Island opposite Lamu. A 30 minute boat ride from Lamu Town. Its geographical location on map is at Grid Reference 186 476, Sheet 180/4.   Historical background   Takwa ruins are the remains of a thriving 15th and 16th century Swahili trading town before it was abandoned in the seventeenth century. It is not only important because of its period of occupation but also because of its dense settlement and its relatively well preserved remains. The unique Friday Mosque with a large pillar a top the qibla wall is among the most notable features. This pillar is believed to symbolize the burial of a Sheikh be low the wall.   The position of the site at the narrowest location on the whole island, was most probably a strategy. Takwas position/location with shallow waters must have been of considerable importance especially during its peak, when many of the sails that came into view were likely to be hostile. Therefore access to the site must have been primarily from the shallow channel which could only admit vessels of shallow draft.   Takwa eventual abandonment in the 17th century was due to salination of the once fresh water and endless fighting between Takwa and Pate people. These ruins were gazetted as a National Monument in 1982 in Gazette notice No. 1514. At present, Takwa is open daily to the Public. It is a very pleasant place for a casual visit, which can be complimented by a picnic and overnight camping. Takwa is a settlement between three hundred and five hundred years old unmodified by subsequent constructions. The remains of the walled stone town of Takwa are located at a point where Manda Island is almost bisected by a tidal channel flanked by mangroves. Although Takwa is located only few hundred meters from the sea, there is neither a good harbour nor protected anchorage on the ocean side. The shallow channel was likely the best access to the site, as it is today, although only for vessels of shallow draft when the tides are favourable. A major aspect of the settlement is the town wall, of coral rag construction, which rose to a full height of about three meters and is best viewed intact in the southern areas of the site. The remains of Takwa within the wall cover about 5 hectares and consist of a mosque, houses, a well and structures with perhaps religious or commercial functions. In addition, there are the spaces created by the location of structures, such as courtyards, streets and other open areas. All structures were built of coral rag, quarried locally, and set in mortar made of earth, sand and lime. The street, although obscured by rubble today, is significant for the amount of town planning involved: at least five houses with sides on the street are directly aligned with it, and all in the plan are affected by it. Likewise the street leading south directly to the mosque is orientated with an error of less than one degree off contemporary magnetic north hardly an accident. It is interesting to consider that upon leaving the mosque, the faithful stepped onto a street aimed directly at Mecca. Pillar tombs are one of the unique architectural features of the East African coast, and Takwa is justifiably known for its fine example, located just a few meters past the north gate. An inscribed block is set into the north face of the tomb wall. The block calls to Allah, Muhammed, and the first four caliphs, AbuBakar, Umar, Uthman and Ali. At the bottom of the inscription is the Arabic date 1094, which measures that many years from Muhammeds hijrah, or move, from Mecca to Medina in A.D. 622. As the Muslim year 1094 began on December 31, 1682, this date corresponds to the Christian year 1683. The tomb is still considered sacred to the Muslim people of Shela, some of whom are believed to have come from Takwa and who visit the tomb twice a year to pray for rain. The Takwa mosque is located near the geographical centre of the site, reflecting the central place of Islam in the religious and social life of many in the community. The mosque is characterized by an unusual and striking pillar, which rises from the centre of its north wall. It is possible that the mosque is located on the site of the tomb of a revered person. The pillar, as a characteristic feature of the coast, may have been placed on the mosque in commemoration of the burial site. The ruined remains of about 55 structures occur north of the mosque, with about an equal number to the south. Takwa may have been abandoned due to hostility from nearby Pate, whose ascendancy began about three hundred years ago. Perhaps trade competition contributed to the site abandonment, or possibly Takwa became involved in the rivalry between Lamu and Pate, which might explain why some of the Takwa people asked to settle at Shela on Lamu Island. Another likely cause for abandonment was the inferior water supply, for the wells at the mosque and near the pillar tomb are salty today. It might have been easier for the Takwans to resist hostility from Pate than to endure the increasing salinity of their life-sustaining wells. Artefacts found during excavations in the 1979s include numerous pottery vessels both locally produced and imported for cooking and storage, a bread oven, glass beads, spindle whorls, a glass flask of unknown use, fragments of a smoking pipe, fish and mammal bones suggesting a varied diet, and finished iron implements and iron slag indicating blacksmithing on site. This is a rich inventory of artefacts but it nevertheless only reflects what has not perished in the archaeological record. No cotton or other cloth has survived. Almost all wood is gone, probably moved to Shela, which, considering contemporary woodcarving is likely quite a loss. Leather products such as purses, belts and sandals have all decayed, and particularly valuable items would have been removed as the people left Takwa. Even with the interesting picture of Takwa known from archaeological research, we are still unable to gain a complete piciture of the sites history. A safari to Takwa A visit to Takwa National Monument is a very pleasant way to spend a morning or afternoon, or even an entire day with overnight camping. Visitors may leave Lamu or Shela by sailing dhow or motorboat, cross Lamu Harbour to Manda Island and enter a narrow channel flanked by mangroves. Although at high tide boats and dhows can reach the very end of the channel, it is best to be prepared to wade a few meters through ankle or knee deep salt water. Far from being dangerous or uncomfortable, this approach makes you feel like an explorer, setting the mood for entrance into the serene and majestic ruins. Physical description and climate The Lamu Archipelago is a small group of island situated on Kenyas northern coast line, near Somalia. It is made up of Lamu, Manda, Pate and Kiwayu Islands. Lamu Town is the headquarters of Lamu District, one of the six districts of Kenyas Coastal Province, which borders the Indian Ocean to the east, the Tana River District to the south-west, the Garissa District to the north and the Republic of Somalia to the north-east. Temperatures range from 23 to 30 degrees celsius throughout the year. The hottest months are form December to April, while the coolest are from May to July. There are also long rains from mid-April to the end of June. Commerce brought the East African coast into contact with distant peoples and cultures as early as two thousand years ago. The earliest known historical records the 1st Century ADPtolemys Geography   talk of the coast, its inhabitants, and the trade. Arab merchants began to settle permanently between the 9th and 12th centuries, bringing with them a new religion, Islam. They referred to the people they found there by various names, including Swahili, which meant people from the coast. Over the years, the traders intermarried with the local people and some Swahilis trace their origins to the Arab world. The Old Town of Lamu is first mentioned by the Arab writer/traveller, Abu al Mahasini, who met a Qadhi (Muslim Judge) from Lamu when visiting Meca in 1441. Lamu flourished as an independent city-state and remained a thriving seaport through the turbulent Portuguese invasions, its Omani domination during the 17th century and battles with the neighbouring islands of Pate and Manda. Under Omani protection and with a slave based economy, Lamu remained prosperous for over two hundred years until the 19th century. It was during this period that Lamus inhabitants built most of the traditional coral stone houses and mosques that still stand today, using coral stone and mangrove timber from the archipelago, and employing skilled craftsmen from India. To the Muslim world the word Maulid (the Arabic word for birth) is often spoken in reference to the Prophet Muhammeds (Peace Be Upon Him) birth. However, in Eastern African and the Indian Ocean region, Maulidi or Milad-un-Nabii (Birth of the Prophet Muhammed, PBUH) is the holy celebration of the birth of Prophet Muhammed, which lasts the full month of Rabi al-Awal and a few weeks before and after. A Maulid itself is any ceremony in which the Prophet is venerated. For that reason, it is understandable why there is controversy over when and where the first Maulid was recited. The most consistent record states that the first public celebration took place in Egypt 400 years after the death of the Prophet in the eighth century during the Fatimid dynasty, after which Maulidi was celebrated in Mecca and since has caught on in many other countries in this part of the world. Again there is no precise record of when it began in East Africa, but it is clear Maulidi has been here for centuries. The person who is responsible for how Maulidi is presently celebrated is Swaleh ibn Alwy ibn Abdullah Jamal al-Lail or Habib Swaleh. Born in the Comoros Islands of an Arab father and Comorian mother, Swalehs family are Sharifs. He was the first to include instruments at the Maulids he hosted and was criticized for it. After some years, Swaleh was recognized as a man of the people and a respected leader in the community, and they began to follow his example and join in his celebration. At that time no Mosque allowed instruments to be played inside, so he founded the Riyada Mosque and the Mosque College in 1901. To this day, the students of Riyada College lead the recitation, and the Riyada itself is the heart of the festival continuing his legacy. Though it is a month-long celebration, the most important and observed time is sunset on the 11th of Rabi-al-Awal until dawn on the 12th. The Maulid is recited for that entire span of time, as it is on the actual date of the Prophets birth. During the last week of the month, in Lamu, there is a four-day long festival. This begins on the Tuesday and ends on Friday. Since 1990, the National Museums of Kenya has sponsored the gala in Lamu. They organize various community building competitions such as swimming, dhow races, henna competition, tug-of war, and donkey races. Amidst the festival, in homes and in mosques, the people of Lamu recite one of four Maulids: Sharaful-Anam, Maulid ya Dibei (ya Rama), Baranzanji, and Simt-al-Durar (String of Pearls). The Maulid ya Rama is written and recited in Kiswahili, the others in Arabic. The most commonly read are the Baranzaji, written by Imam as-Sayyid Jafar ibn Hassan ibn Abdal Karim al-Barazanji (1690-1766), and the Simt-al-Durar, the most recent, written by Khatib Habib Ali Ibn Muhammad al-Habshy (?-1915) from Saudi Arabia. These Maulids can best be described as religious poetry, based on the history and life of the Prophet, with lines and concepts from the Hadith and the Quran. A Maulid can be read at any important event or milestone. In the Swahili tradition, it may be read one to two weeks after the birth of a child, during the shaving ceremony. They are also performed at weddings and less frequently at funerals. Muslims all of the world add their own variations and culture to the recitation. Of all of the major cities and ports in this part of the world, East African Muslims choose Lamu to visit and observe this special time. The uniquely Swahili music, dance, and rituals here are unlike any others. Lamu is a town rich in culture, history, and traditions and will most likely continue to host the biggest Maulidi on the East African coast. Lamu From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Lamu Old Town* UNESCO World Heritage Site View of the seaside, Lamu Town State  Party   Kenya Type Cultural Criteria ii, iv, vi Reference 1055 Region** Africa Inscription history Inscription 2001  Ã‚  (25th  Session) *  Name as inscribed on World Heritage List. **  Region as classified by UNESCO. Lamu Archipelago Map of  Kenya  showing the islands Lamu Island Lamu Town  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Shela Matondoni Kipangani Manda Island Manda Town à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¡ Takwa  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¡ Manda Airport Pate Island Faza à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚   Pate Town Rulers of Pate -  Bwana Mkuu -  Bwana Tamu -  Fumo Madi Siyu Kizingitini Shanga à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¡ Kiwayu Island à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚   Administrative Centre à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¡Ã‚  Archaeological  site à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Ã‚  World Heritage Site Lamu town  is the largest town on  Lamu Island, which in turn is a part of the  Lamu Archipelago  in  Kenya. Lamu town is also the headquarters of  Lamu District  and a  UNESCO World Heritage Site. Contents   [hide] 1  History 2  Economy 3  Sights 4  See also

New Criticism of Cry, the Beloved Country Essay -- Cry the Beloved Cou

New Criticism of Cry, the Beloved Country   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Cry, the Beloved Country, by Alan Paton can be effectively analyzed using the theory of New Criticism. When beginning to look at the text one must remember not to any attempt to look at the author’s relationship to the work, which is called "intentional fallacy" or make any attempt to look at the reader’s response to the work, which is called the "affective fallacy." First, the central theme of the book must be recognized. In this book the central thematic issue is separation and segregation, that there will always be major problems in society when race or skin color segregates people. This central theme can be seen in every place the characters travel and also in their daily activities. Next, the tone of the book must be identified. The tone throughout the book can be identified as hopeful and also fearful. The balancing tones of hopeful and fearful help balance the central theme. There is a sense that human beings are capable of change and thus one da y all people will become equal. No matter how badly things may be, the tone implies that there is still great hope. The hopeful tone implies that even though segregation and separation is a grim and depressing, there is hope for the future because, if a couple people are capable of change, so is a whole country. The fearful tone implies that South African’s are afraid of what has happened in their country and what may happen. Fear can be seen everywhere, in the land, actions of the people, and they speech of people. These balancing tones are continued throughout the book and serves to balance the outlining themes with the central theme. The next step in applying New Criticism is to examine some of the outlining themes to deter... ...the central theme. In this manner, the book follows the central unifying theme. The themes found in this book are not complex though. They are simple themes that do not require a lot of examination. Therefore, through the lens of New Criticism the book was an above average book that had many paradoxes and irony, a well-supported central theme, but its fault lied in the fact that the outlining theme were not complex. . Works Cited Davis, Robert Con and Ronald Schleifer. Contemporary Literary Criticism: Literary and Cultural Studies. Longman press, New York: 1989. Young, R.V. The Old New Criticism and its Critics. First Things, issue 35. P38-34. August 1993. Formalism. www.cumber.edu/engl230/newcrit.htm The New Criticism. http://130.179.92.25/Arnason_DE/New_Criticism.html Discovering Authors. John Crowe Ransom. Gale Research Inc. 1996   

Outline the different forms of verbal and non-verbal communication Essay

Communication is the activity of conveying information through the exchange of thoughts, messages or information; as by speech, visuals, signals, written work or behaviour. It is the meaningful exchange of information between two or more living creatures. Communication requires a sender, a message and a recipient although the receiver does not have to be present or aware of the sender’s intent to communicate at the time of communication thus communication can occur across vast distances in time and space. Communication works in two systems which are verbal communication and non-verbal communication whose forms this essay seeks to outline and discuss. Verbal communication is communication through a figure of speech and non-verbal communication is the process of communicating through sending and receiving wordless cues between people. Verbal communication refers to the form of communication in which message is transmitted verbally; generally this is communication by word of mout h or a piece of writing. Verbal communication is further divided into two forms which are oral communication and written communication. In oral communication, spoken words are used. It includes face to face conversation, video, radio, television, voice over the internet. In oral communication, communication is influenced by pitch, volume, speed and clarity of speaking. Furthermore, oral communication, while primarily referring to spoken verbal communication, can also employ visual aids and non-verbal elements to support the conveyance of meaning. Oral communication includes speeches, presentations, discussions and aspects of inter-personal communication. Oral communication also garners immediate feedback. Examples of oral communication can include a mother asking her son about his day at school, because of message and feedback a dialogue is created. More so, oral communication under verbal communication has its own advantages and in a face to face conversation, by reading facial expression and body language one can guess whether they should trust what is being said or not. In addition, oral communication carries a disadvantage because in a face to face discussion, user is unable to deeply think what he is delivering, so this can be committed as a stream of sub consciousness hence content or message cannot be trusted to be reliable as well. In-addit ion, in written communication, written signs or symbols are used to communicate a written message may be printed or hand written. In written communication messages can be transmitted via email, letter, report,  memo, only to mention to mention a few. Message in written communication, is influenced by the vocabulary and grammar used, writing style, precision and clarity of the language used. Examples of written communication used for internal communication or personal attention are memos, reports, bulletins, employee manuals and electronic mail. For communication with the external environment in writing electronic mail, internet websites, letters, proposal, telegrams, only to mention a few. Furthermore, written communication has its advantages. Messages can be edited and revised many times before they are actually sent; hence clarity and transparency of information can be refined to suit the recipient. Also, written communication provides record for every message sent and can be saved for later study thus it can be used as proof or evidence of the existence of certain situations. A written message enables receiver to fully understand it and send appropriate feedback. However written communication also has disadvantages. Unlike oral communication written communication doesn’t bring instant feedback since the receiver has to first analyse the message sent and gather appropriate feedback, more so, if it is external communication through a letter the receiver might be far away thus a delay in the deliverance of the message. Furthermore, it takes more time in composing a written message as compared to word of mouth and a number of people struggle for writing ability. On the other hand, the other system of communication is non-verbal communication. Non-verbal communication is the sending or receiving of wordless messages. Therefore communication other than oral and written, such as gesture, body language, posture, tone of voice or facial expressions is called non-verbal communication. According to Mehrabian (1972) ‘non-verbal communication describes the process of conveying meaning in the form of non-word messages’. Non-verbal communication helps the receiver in interpreting the message received. Often, non-verbal signals reflect the situation more accurately than verbal messages. Sometimes non-verbal responses contradict verbal communication and hence affect the effectiveness of message. More-so, non-verbal communication has three elements which are; appearance, body language and sounds. Appearance includes the speaker, clothing, hairstyle, neatness and use of cosmetics, more-so, surrounding and furnishings. Body language includes  facial expressions, gestures and postures. Sounds includes voice tone, volume and speech rate. According to Martes (2011) forms of non-verbal communication are classified in seven types which are kinesics, proxemics, physical appearance, haptics or use of touch, vocalics or use of voice, chronemics or use of time, artifacts or use of objects. Martes’s theory argues that kinesics or body activity can be with the use of eye contact, facial expressions, gesture, and posture. Eye contact is the way we look with people whom we are communicating. This shows paying attention. Facial expressions are important in conveying message to show our emotions. Gestures are the movements of our arms, hands, and fingers to describe or to give emphasis. Posture is the position of our body; it is also a way of paying attention hence kinesics involves more body activity. In-addition proxemics or the use of space shows nonverbal communication. Intimate distance for private conversations of close friends, Personal distance for casual conversations, Social distance for impersonal business, and Public distance for public speeches hence by one distancing themselves from others shows a difference of interests. Also, physical appearance is also another form of non-verbal communication. Choice of clothing and personal grooming also communicate a message. The message one wants to send is determined on how he/she dresses and grooms themselves. People have a choice to choose which clothing styles and grooming behaviours they want but it should be accordingly. Haptics or use of touch also communicates as a non-verbal form. People communicate through touch by the use of hands. Hands can be used to hug slap, kiss, pat, hold, embrace, stroke and tickle. With these, a message in variety of meanings is conveyed. Touch can be gentle and firm depending on how it is done for which purpose. Vocalics or use of voice is also known as paralanguage. This is a nonverbal sound of what is heard or how something is being said. It has 4 vocals characteristics: pitch volume, rate and quality. The presence of vocal interferences or extraneous sounds interrupts a conversation of fluent speech. The use of time also known as chronemics also conveys meaning. Duration is the time regarded as appropriate for certain events or activities. Activity refers to what p eople perceive should be done in a given time period. Punctuality is the extent to which one adheres strictly to the appointed or regular time thus a message can be trusted or regarded reliable through the duration, activity and punctuality  aspects respectivitly. Last but not least, artifacts are also a form of non-verbal communication. Artifacts are also use of objects. Object language refers to the meanings attributed to objects with we surround ourselves. It says something about someone because it represents the choices he/she make. However both verbal and non-verbal communications are liable to barriers of communication. Since verbal communication involves the medium of language, people speak in different languages since they come from different places thus communication may be difficult, understanding may not be found between the two sources of the speaker and the recipient. Non-verbal language is also liable to barriers of communication since not everyone is literate and educated enough to read one’s body language and discern the message within. In a nutshell communication occurs in two systems which are verbal and non-verbal communication. Verbal communication also divides into two forms which are oral and written communication, non-verbal communication branches into seven forms which are kinesics, proxemics, chronemics, haptics, physical appearance, vocalic and artifacts. Reference list Maetes (2011). Theories of Non-verbal Communication. Mehrabian, A (1972). Non-verbal Communication. Transaction Publishers.

Candidate centered campaigns essays

Candidate centered campaigns essays Candidate-centered politics are election campaigns and other political processes in which candidates, not political parties, have most of the initiative and influence. The parties major role in campaigns is the raising and spending of money. The game begins with lots of money. The money chase is relentless. The major source of campaign funds comes from the RNC (Republican National Committee) and the DNC (Democratic National Committee). There are two types of money that campaigners receive, hard money and soft money. Hard money is campaign funds given directly to candidates to spend as they choose. Soft money is campaign contributions that are not subject to legal limits and are given to parties rather than directly to candidates. Because soft money is not regulated by election laws, companies, unions and individuals may give donations in any amount to a political party for the purpose of "party building." Party building may include ads that educate voters about issues, as long as th e ads don't take the crucial step of telling voters which candidates to vote for. For example: Candidate X runs an ad that says, "I am a good person. Candidate Y is a bad person. Vote for me on election day." Because of the "Vote for me..." portion, this is a political ad, which must be paid for with "hard money." Candidate Y runs an ad that says, "Candidate X has a record that includes awful things. If these awful things continue, people will come to your house, steal your money and shoot your dog. Be sure to vote on Election Day." Because the ad "educates" people on an issue and doesn't tell them to vote for a particular candidate, its party building, and can be paid for by soft money (www.how stuff works.com). Media consultants are often hired and are a staple of the modern campaign. They produce televised political advertising and create the photo-ops and other staged events that attract ...

How to Make Powdered Olive Oil

How to Make Powdered Olive Oil Molecular gastronomy applies science to put a modern spin on traditional foods. For this simple recipe, combine maltodextrin powder with olive oil or any other flavorful oil or melted fat to make a powdered oil. Maltodextrin is a carbohydrate powder derived from starch that dissolves the instant it hits your mouth. It melts away, with no gritty or powdery sensation, so you taste the oil. Ingredients maltodextrinolive oil Food-grade maltodextrin is sold under many names, including  N-Zorbit M, Tapioca Maltodextrin, Maltosec, and Malto. While tapioca maltodextrin is one of the common types, the polysaccharide is made from other starches, such as corn starch, potato starch, or wheat starch. Use any flavorful oil. Good choices are olive oil, peanut oil, and sesame oil.  You can season the oil or use flavored rendered  fat, such as from bacon or sausage. One way to season the oil is to heat it in a pan with seasonings, such as garlic and spices.  Expect deeply colored oils to color the resulting powder.  Another option is to combine maltodextrin  with other fatty products, such as peanut butter. The only rule is to mix it with a lipid, not water or a high-moisture ingredient. Make Olive Oil Powder This is extremely simple. Essentially all you do is whisk together maltodextrin and oil or combine them in a food processor. If you dont have a whisk, you can use a fork or spoon. For a powder, youll want about 45-65% powder (by weight), so a good starting point (if you dont want to measure) is to go half and half with the oil and maltodextrin. Another method is to slowly stir oil into the powder, stopping when you have reached your desired consistency.  If you do want to measure ingredients, here is a simple recipe: 4 grams powdered maltodextrin10 grams extra virgin olive oil For a fine powder, you can use a sifter or push the powder through a strainer.  You can plate the powdered olive oil by serving it in a decorative spoon or topping dry foods, such as crackers. Dont put the powder in contact with a water-containing ingredient or it will liquefy. Storing Oil Powder The powder should be good about a day at room temperature or several days, sealed and refrigerated. Be sure to keep the powder away from moisture or high humidity. Powdered Alcohol Aside from offering the possibility to serve familiar food in new ways, one big advantage of using the dextrin is that it lets you turn a liquid into a solid. A similar process is used to make powdered alcohol. The difference is the chemical  used. Powdered alcohol is made by combining alcohol with cyclodextrin rather than maltodextrin. Cyclodextrin can be combined with up to 60% alcohol. If you want to make powdered alcohol yourself, keep in mind you need to use pure alcohol, not an aqueous solution. Cyclodextrin, like maltodextrin, readily dissolves in water.  Another use of cyclodextrin is as an odor-absorber. It is the active ingredient in Febreze.

What is the essence of me Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

What is the essence of me - Essay Example I believe that in life people find success and make progress through trial and error and experiencing hardship. I also think that many times the mistakes people make have to do with other people. I recognize that oftentimes people have made mistakes with me, and I have done the same with them. It follows that I think it is necessary to cultivate a personality of forgiveness. When people are unwilling to forgive it signals that they are giving up on another person, when in reality this is precisely the time that they should be coming closer to the person. When we are willing to forgive people then we allow our relationships with them to grow and develop through trial and error. Another reason that forgiveness is the essence of me is because I believe that holding grudges or seeking revenge is unproductive for a healthy and happy existence. While I am not a psychologist or know much about psychological theory, I have had enough life experience to understand that oftentimes the way we think affects the way we feel. I believe that in holding grudges and refusing to forgive people then we go through life with negative thoughts and emotions. In my own life, people have wronged me. Although it has oftentimes been difficult for me to forgive them I have always managed to do so. After forgiving the person, I have always felt better. In these regards, I have gradually made forgiveness one of the central parts of my personality. In conclusion, this essay has examined what is the essence of me. In these regards, my essence is forgiveness. The reasons for this are because I feel life is about making mistakes and as such it’s necessary to forgive people. I also believe it makes people happier if they are able to forgive others. Ultimately, these reasons have become prominent considerations in my life and as such forgiveness has become my central

Base on the prompt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Base on the prompt - Essay Example There are three business segments through which Wal-Mart operates its business: Walmart US, Sam’s Club, and Walmart International. The retail stores have four different formats: discount centers, supercenters, neighborhood markets, and other small formats (Company Profile Wal-Mart Stores Inc, 4). The key products that are offered by Wal-Mart, Inc. include: food products, consumables, entertainment goods, apparel, and goods for home; major services are: pharmacy and optical services; money order services, check cashing, photo processing services, etc. (Company Profile Wal-Mart Stores Inc, 23-24). In addition to the retail units, Wal-Mart offers its products and services through the e-commerce websites available in 10 countries (Corporate.walmart.com). Wal-Mart launched its strategy of the international business expansion in 1991, by going to neighboring countries: Canada, Mexico, and some countries of the Latin America. The total number of Wal-Mart’s international locations exceeding the number of 6,100 enables the company to generate almost 30% of its revenue ($136, 318 mln in 2013) (Company Profile Wal-Mart Stores Inc, 26). Table 1 provides an overview of some of the key facts related to the Wal-Mart’s operations in different foreign markets. Wal-Mart has started its international expansion with opening its stores or by acquiring established local retailers in neighboring countries, such as Mexico, Canada, Brazil and Argentina. The company’s success in these countries has encouraged the management to go further and expand to China, the UK, Japan, Central America, India, and African continent. Wal-mart has opened its stores in few countries, including Mexico, Argentina, Brazil, China, and India. In order to enter all other countries, Wal-Mart has applied Mergers & Acquisition strategy, buying out either whole leading retailing companies operating locally or some stake of